Part C:

The generally accepted stages of the planning process are:

1. Definition of goals

2. Identification of constraints and premises

3. Development of alternative plans

4. Selection of the best plan.

These steps are followed by implementation and control to make sure the goal is achieved.
A widely used technique which has had a major impact on how organizations are managed is management by objectives ().

Under , managers and subordinates participate together in identifying goals, individual responsibility and performance criteria in a process that spans all four management functions.

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